Cracks in wall and floor tiles can arise from various underlying problems, including physical impacts, structural deficiencies, or environmental factors. These cracks not only detract from your home’s appearance but can also lead to further damage if left unresolved.
Understanding the specific causes is essential to implementing effective solutions and preventing recurrence.
This guide explores the most common reasons for tile cracks and offers practical advice to address and avoid them, ensuring long-lasting, durable surfaces that maintain both functionality and aesthetics.
1. Impact Damage
Localised cracks often result from heavy objects falling onto tiles. For instance, dropping a heavy pan in the kitchen or tools in a workshop can lead to cracks or chips. These cracks typically start at the impact point and may radiate outward. High-traffic areas near doorways are particularly vulnerable.
Use protective mats in these areas to cushion falls and handle heavy items with care. If damage occurs, removing and replacing the affected tile promptly prevents further weakening of surrounding tiles.
2. Heavy Loads
Tiles can withstand significant weight under normal circumstances, but uneven or sudden heavy stress can cause cracking. Appliances like refrigerators or washing machines, when improperly moved or placed, can apply excessive force on tiles.
Ensure the subfloor is reinforced to handle heavy loads, and always use sliders or padded supports to distribute weight evenly when moving appliances. Before installation, consult professionals to assess if the floor is equipped to handle the anticipated load.
3. Improperly Spaced Joists
Joists that are too far apart can create a subfloor that flexes excessively, causing tiles to crack under pressure. According to the Australian Standard AS 1684.2-2010, joist spacing must comply with structural stability requirements. Installing a strong underlayment or additional bridging can absorb movement and stabilise the floor.
If you notice cracks caused by this issue, seek advice from a structural engineer to reinforce the joist system before proceeding with repairs or reinstallation of tiles.
4. Cracked Concrete Substrate
A cracked concrete substrate often transfers stress to the tiles above, resulting in visible damage. Factors like settling soil, shrinkage during curing, or external loads can cause these cracks. Installing a crack isolation membrane between the substrate and tiles helps absorb stress and prevents cracks from mirroring through to the tiles.
If large cracks are present, addressing the root cause—such as poor soil compaction or heavy loads—is essential before undertaking repairs.
5. Badly Cured Concrete
Concrete needs adequate time to cure and dry before tiles are installed. This process typically takes at least 28 days and ensures the substrate achieves sufficient strength and stability. Premature tiling over uncured concrete can result in shrinkage-related cracks.
Conduct moisture level tests on the concrete before laying tiles and adhere to curing timelines to avoid costly mistakes. Installing a vapor barrier can also help manage moisture-related risks during curing.
6. Control Joint Expansion
Control joints in concrete manage natural expansion and contraction. However, tiles laid directly over these joints are prone to cracking as the concrete shifts. To mitigate this, align tile seams with the control joints or use flexible materials like caulk or epoxy grout in these areas.
Planning ahead during installation minimises stress on the tiles and ensures longevity, particularly in areas prone to temperature fluctuations.
7. Incorrect Adhesive Use
Using the wrong adhesive weakens the bond between the tiles and the substrate, making them susceptible to cracking. Different tile types and substrates require specific adhesives for optimal bonding. For instance, outdoor tiles may require weather-resistant adhesives.
Consulting a professional for adhesive selection ensures strong bonding and prevents future failures. Reapplying tiles with the proper adhesive can resolve bonding issues effectively.
8. Water Ingress
Water infiltration weakens tile bonds and causes swelling, leading to cracks or lifting. Bathrooms, kitchens, and outdoor areas are particularly vulnerable due to constant exposure to moisture. Inspect for leaks in plumbing systems and repair them promptly.
Installing waterproof membranes under tiles and using high-quality grout can prevent water ingress. For existing issues, remove affected tiles, address the source of the leak, and ensure proper waterproofing before reinstalling tiles.
9. Low-Quality Tiles
Substandard tiles often fail to meet durability and performance standards, making them more prone to cracking under normal use. Tiles that do not comply with Australian Standard AS 4459.4 lack the structural integrity required for high-traffic or high-stress areas.
When selecting tiles, prioritise quality and purchase from reputable manufacturers. Investing in robust tiles reduces long-term repair costs and ensures a longer lifespan.
10. Mould Growth
Mould can grow beneath tiles in damp environments, weakening adhesive bonds and causing tiles to lift and crack. Prolonged exposure to moisture creates a breeding ground for mould, which not only damages tiles but poses health risks like allergies and respiratory issues.
Prevent mould growth by improving ventilation, fixing leaks, and using mould-resistant grout or sealant. If mould is detected, professional remediation is essential before retiling to ensure a safe and durable repair.
Preventing Tile Cracks
Preventing tile cracks starts with proper installation and maintenance. Ensure the subfloor is stable, level, and compliant with building codes. Use high-quality tiles, adhesives, and waterproofing materials suitable for the intended environment.
During installation, account for load distribution, expansion joints, and moisture control. Regular inspections by professionals can detect early signs of stress or damage, allowing for timely interventions that extend the life of your tiled surfaces.
Expert Advice and Professional Inspections
If you encounter cracked tiles, identifying the root cause is essential for resolution. At Exceptional Building Inspections, we perform detailed assessments to determine the underlying issues and recommend solutions.
Our team ensures repairs are performed effectively to prevent further damage, providing tailored advice based on your property’s specific needs.
Contact us today to schedule an inspection and protect your property’s value and durability with professional expertise.